HTML Special Characters and Symbols Reference
A practical reference for reserved HTML characters, spacing, typography, currency, and arrows.
Category: HTML
Fix Character Encoding Problems in CSV Files
Convert legacy CSV files to UTF-8 while preserving quoted fields and delimiters.
UTF-8 BOM: What It Is and When It Causes Problems
Detect and safely remove a UTF-8 BOM when it breaks headers, JSON, CSV, or scripts.
HTML Meta Charset vs HTTP Content-Type Header
Understand how the HTTP Content-Type header and HTML meta charset declaration control decoding.
Find a Character’s Unicode Code Point with JavaScript
Find Unicode code points correctly in JavaScript, including supplementary characters.
HTML Entities: Named, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Formats
Use named, decimal, and hexadecimal HTML character references correctly.
How to Fix Garbled Text and Mojibake on a Web Page
Diagnose mojibake and align file, HTTP, HTML, database, and connection encodings.
UTF-8 vs ASCII, ISO-8859-1, and Windows-1252
Compare UTF-8, ASCII, ISO-8859-1, and Windows-1252 and choose the safest encoding for new web content.
HTML Character Entities
Last updated: August 27, 2026. Character references represent reserved characters and symbols. Named references use forms such as &; numeric…
HTML ASCII Reference
Last updated: August 26, 2026. ASCII defines 128 code points. The printable range is decimal 32 through 126; HTML documents…